Operators in Python

Operators in Python are special symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. Python provides different types of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

main.py

a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b)  # Addition: 13
print(a - b)  # Subtraction: 7
print(a * b)  # Multiplication: 30
print(a / b)  # Division: 3.3333
print(a // b) # Floor Division: 3
print(a % b)  # Modulus: 1
print(a ** b) # Exponentiation: 1000

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare values and return Boolean results (True or False).

main.py

x = 5
y = 10
print(x == y)  # False (Equal)
print(x != y)  # True (Not Equal)
print(x > y)   # False (Greater Than)
print(x < y)   # True (Less Than)
print(x >= y)  # False (Greater Than or Equal To)
print(x <= y)  # True (Less Than or Equal To)

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators combine multiple conditions and return Boolean results.

main.py

p = True
q = False
print(p and q)  # False (Both must be True)
print(p or q)   # True (At least one is True)
print(not p)    # False (Negation)

4. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations at the binary level.

main.py

x = 5  # 101 in binary
y = 3  # 011 in binary
print(x & y)  # AND: 1 (Bitwise AND)
print(x | y)  # OR: 7 (Bitwise OR)
print(x ^ y)  # XOR: 6 (Bitwise XOR)
print(~x)     # NOT: -6 (Bitwise Negation)
print(x << 1) # Left Shift: 10
print(x >> 1) # Right Shift: 2

5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values to variables and modify them using arithmetic operations.

main.py

a = 10
a += 5  # Equivalent to a = a + 5
print(a)  # 15

6. Identity Operators

Identity operators check if two variables refer to the same object in memory.

main.py

x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
z = [1, 2, 3]
print(x is y)  # True (Same object)
print(x is z)  # False (Different objects with same values)
print(x is not z)  # True

7. Membership Operators

Membership operators check whether a value exists in a sequence.

main.py

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print(3 in nums)  # True (3 is in the list)
print(5 not in nums)  # True (5 is not in the list)

Conclusion

Operators are fundamental in Python programming for performing computations, comparisons, and logical operations. Understanding them helps in writing efficient and effective programs.

Loops Statements